As inflation continues to challenge the economy, it’s likely we’ll see interest rates rise and economic activity slow. However, that doesn’t have to be cause for panic—higher interest rates can present unique opportunities for saving and potential portfolio rebalancing.
Markets and economy
What to do when interest rates rise
Learn more about rising interest rates and how they can affect the markets and your investments.
2.5 minute read
•
September 20, 2022
Markets and economy
Market volatility
Article
Page
Inflation
Interest rates
Asset mix
Diversifying
What do interest rate hikes mean?
The federal funds rate is the target interest rate set by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). When the Fed raises this rate, it increases the cost of credit as a way to combat inflation. When borrowing becomes more expensive, companies are less likely to take out loans and spend money, and individuals may postpone projects that involve financing. The goal of raising rates is to reduce the supply of money in circulation, thus cooling off the economy.
As for your portfolio, given current market and economic uncertainty, check in and make sure you’re diversified not only across stocks and bonds, but across economic sectors as well. In a volatile market, sector performance can also change quickly. It’s as good a time as any to ensure your asset allocation reflects your risk tolerance and goals.
—Ed Campagna, CFP®, Senior Financial Advisor
How do interest rate hikes affect the market?
When it comes to equities, higher interest rates can have a negative impact. When rates go up, the cost of doing business increases, which could lead to lower revenue and earnings and, thus, lower stock prices. Same with bonds: Interest rates go up, new bonds come out with higher interest rates (improving prospects for higher future income streams), and the prices of existing bonds drop. The idea of both bond and stock prices decreasing can be alarming. But a diversified portfolio is still the best way to hedge against various risks in the long run.
What should I do if interest rates go up?
Rising interest rates present an opportunity to earn more on your savings—you can shop around for a higher-yielding Vanguard money market fund and take advantage of higher rates (and make your cash earn more interest). Increasing interest rates also bring an opportunity for higher-yielding bond funds over time.
In a rising interest rate environment, debt becomes more expensive, so you might prioritize paying off high-interest-rate debt first. Current home buyers might see mortgage rates rise and take the opportunity to lock in a lower rate if interest rates continue to rise. Existing homeowners may want to consult with a loan advisor to reevaluate financing options based on current conditions.
“As for your portfolio, given current market and economic uncertainty, check in and make sure you’re diversified across not only stocks and bonds, but across economic sectors as well. In a volatile market, sector performance can also change quickly. It’s as good a time as any to ensure your asset allocation reflects your risk tolerance and goals,” said Ed Campagna, a senior financial advisor in Vanguard Personal Advisor services®.
What should I NOT do if interest rates rise?
A rate increase or decrease is not good or bad, but more of an overall indication of how the economy is doing. Everyone worries about a worst-case scenario, and while investing is not a game of certainties, it’s clear that a diversified portfolio will increase your purchasing power in the long run. In a high-inflation environment, cash won’t help you keep up with the cost of living the way exposure to a portfolio of diversified stocks and bonds can.
If markets go down, avoid the trap of feeling like you have to do something. Stay focused on your goals and enjoy the long-term benefits of a diversified portfolio. Transition periods can be painful in the moment, but instead of focusing on the recent losses, focus on the gains you’ve likely seen in your portfolio over the past decade. If nothing significant in your life has changed any of your planning assumptions, consider minor adjustments as needed to stay on course, and trust that you’re doing what’s best for your future.
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All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Be aware that fluctuations in the financial markets and other factors may cause declines in the value of your account. There is no guarantee that any particular asset allocation or mix of funds will meet your investment objectives or provide you with a given level of income.
For more information about Vanguard mutual funds and ETFs, visit Vanguard mutual fund prospectuses or Vanguard ETF prospectuses to obtain a prospectus or, if available, a summary prospectus. Investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other important information are contained in the prospectus; read and consider it carefully before investing.
Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss.
Advice services are provided by Vanguard Advisers, Inc., a registered investment advisor, or by Vanguard National Trust Company, a federally chartered, limited-purpose trust company.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. owns the certification mark CFP® in the U.S., which it awards to individuals who successfully complete CFP Board’s initial and ongoing certification requirements.