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BIV Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond ETF

Also available as an Admiral™ Shares mutual fund.

Management style

Index

Asset class

Intermediate-Term Bond

Category

Intermediate-Term Bond

Risk / reward scale

Start of Risk Scale. On a scale of 1 to 5, 1 is less risk less reward, 5 is more risk more reward
The fund risk level is a 2

Less

More

End of Risk Scale.

Expense ratio

0.03%

as of 04/29/2025

as of 06/09/2025

Market price (MP)

$75.89

as of 06/10/2025

NAV price

$75.86

as of 06/10/2025

Overview

Key facts

IOV ticker symbol

BIV.IV

CUSIP

921937819

Management style

Index

Asset class

Intermediate-Term Bond

Category

Intermediate-Term Bond

Inception date

04/03/2007

Fund Number

0925

Ratings

Risk / reward scale

Start of Risk Scale. On a scale of 1 to 5, 1 is less risk less reward, 5 is more risk more reward
The fund risk level is a 2

Less

More

End of Risk Scale.
Price

Minimum Investment

$1.00

as of 06/10/2025

Market price

$75.89

as of 06/10/2025

Market price change

increased$0.13 (0.17%)

as of 06/10/2025

Expense Ratio

0.03%

as of 04/29/2025

NAV Price

$75.86

as of 06/10/2025

NAV Change

increased$0.11 (0.15%)

as of 06/10/2025

Performance

YTD returns (MP)

3.25%

as of 06/10/2025

YTD returns (NAV)

3.31%

as of 06/10/2025

Product summary
  • Seeks to track the investment return of the Bloomberg U.S. 5–10 Year Government/Credit Float Adjusted Index, a market-weighted bond index that covers investment-grade bonds with a dollar-weighted average maturity of 5 to 10 years.
  • Invests in U.S. government high-quality (investment grade) corporate and investment-grade international dollar-denominated bonds.
  • Passively managed, using index sampling.
Fund management

Vanguard Fixed Income Group

Performance & fees

Total returns
Month-end/Quarterly Pre-Tax Toggle

as of 05/31/2025

Recent returns

Average annual

Month-end3-Month totalYTD1-yr3-yr5-yr10-yr

Since inception

04/03/2007

BIV (Market price)-0.46%0.74%3.60%6.77%2.14%-0.59%1.95%3.80%
BIV (NAV)
-0.50%0.72%3.61%6.77%2.13%-0.54%1.94%3.80%

Benchmark

-0.52%0.72%3.65%6.81%2.17%-0.52%1.98%3.82%
Market Price/Nav Toggle

as of 03/31/2025

Year1st Qtr2nd Qtr3rd Qtr4th QtrYear-end

Benchmark

20253.12%
2024-0.73%0.24%5.65%-3.41%1.55% 1.45%
20233.72%-1.24%-3.11%6.91%6.11% 5.99%
2022-6.30%-4.58%-4.82%1.98%-13.21% -13.13%
2021-4.16%2.30%-0.12%-0.38%-2.44% -2.28%
20202.95%4.87%0.86%0.74%9.70% 9.73%
20193.79%3.82%2.36%0.05%10.34% 10.38%
2018-1.95%-0.28%0.15%1.99%-0.13% -0.07%
20171.05%1.72%0.83%-0.11%3.53% 3.81%
20164.21%2.75%0.17%-4.00%2.96% 3.10%
20152.29%-2.02%1.81%-0.88%1.13% 1.28%

as of 12/31/2024

Year

Capital return by NAV

Income return by NAV

Total return by NAV

Total return by Market Price

Benchmark

2024-2.24% 3.73%1.49% 1.55%1.45%
20232.86% 3.30%6.16% 6.11%5.99%
2022-15.25% 1.95%-13.30% -13.21%-13.13%
2021-4.12% 1.85%-2.27% -2.44%-2.28%
20207.24% 2.47%9.71% 9.70%9.73%
20197.15% 3.04%10.19% 10.34%10.38%
2018-2.94% 2.85%-0.09% -0.13%-0.07%
20171.15% 2.65%3.80% 3.53%3.81%
20160.30% 2.56%2.86% 2.96%3.10%
2015-1.40% 2.62%1.23% 1.13%1.28%
20143.99% 3.01%7.00% 7.24%6.91%
2013-6.27% 2.83%-3.44% -3.66%-3.37%
20123.74% 3.28%7.02% 6.92%7.22%
20116.56% 4.07%10.62% 11.09%10.79%
20105.24% 4.31%9.55% 9.13%9.44%

as of 05/31/2025

1-yr3-yr5-yr10-yr

Since inception

04/03/2007

BIV (Market price)6.77%6.57%-2.90%21.28%96.81%
BIV (NAV)6.77% 6.54%-2.68% 21.23% 96.95%

Benchmark

6.81%6.67%-2.59%21.68%

Expense ratio

BIV

0.03%

Average expense ratio of similar funds3

0.55%

Historical volatility measures
as of 04/30/2025
BenchmarkR-Squared4Beta4
Spliced Bloomberg U.S. 5-10 Yr Government/Credit Float Adjusted Index21.001.00
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index0.991.07

The performance data shown represent past performance, which is not a guarantee of future results. Investment returns and principal value will fluctuate so that investors' shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data cited. The performance of an index is not an exact representation of any particular investment, as you cannot invest directly in an index.

Price

Current market price

Current price as of Tue Jun 10 20:00:00GMT+0 2025

Market price change

increased$0.13 (0.17%)

Open

$0.00

High

$0.00

Low

$0.00

Bid/Ask spread

$0.79 (1.04%)

Volume

0

Size

1 X 26

Tick

UP

Quotes delayed at least 15 minutes. Source: FactSet.

Closing price

Closing price as of 06/10/2025

Market price change

increased$0.13 (0.17%)

NAV

$75.86

NAV change

increased$0.11 (0.15%)

30-day Median Bid/Ask spread

0.01%

52-week High

$78.78

as of 09/16/2024

52-week Low

$73.75

as of 01/13/2025

52-week Difference

$5.03 (6.82%)

Premium/Discount

$0.03

25-day Avg Volume

1,849,566.36

50-day Avg Volume

1,858,069.96

30 day SEC yield

4.73%

 

A SEC yield footnote code

 

as of 06/09/2025

Historical prices
Chart/Table Toggle
NameDateNAV
BIV 06/10/2025
$75.86

This chart can’t be displayed on mobile devices. For the best viewing experience, visit this page from your desktop or laptop.

Portfolio composition

Characteristics

as of 04/30/2025

FundamentalBIV
Benchmark
Number of bonds 2301 2533
Yield to maturity 4.4% 4.4%
Average coupon 3.8% 3.9%
Average effective maturity 7.2 years 7.2 years
Average duration 6.1 years 6.1 years
Short-term reserves
Fund total net assets as of 04/30/2025 $44.8 B
Share class total net assets $23.2 B
Turnover rate (Fiscal Year-end 12/31/2024) 55.0%
Stylebox

Fixed Income

Quality

Trsy/
Agcy
Inv Grd
Corp
Below
Inv
Grade

Duration

Short

Medium

Long

Weighted exposures

as of 04/30/2025

57.50%U.S. Government
Credit rating5% of fundU.S. Government57.50%AAA 2.50%AA 2.70%A 16.50%BBB 20.80%

Weighted equity exposures exclude any temporary cash investments and equity index futures. Some short-term fixed income securities are classified as cash and are excluded from the weighted bond exposures.

Holding details

as of 04/30/2025

Ticker Holdings CUSIP SEDOL Coupon Rate Maturity Date Face Amount % of fund Market value
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CMM0 BRXZ4W0 4.625 % 02/15/2035 $1,098,436,500 2.56 % $1,139,456,238
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLW9 BRK14Z4 4.250 % 11/15/2034 $1,013,434,100 2.30 % $1,021,193,205
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CKQ3 BQSB5K1 4.375 % 05/15/2034 $998,502,700 2.29 % $1,017,614,661
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJZ5 BS2G1B9 4.000 % 02/15/2034 $1,004,848,000 2.24 % $997,233,131
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJJ1 BRBS4K9 4.500 % 11/15/2033 $948,950,700 2.20 % $978,123,523
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLF6 BR2NN62 3.875 % 08/15/2034 $937,245,000 2.07 % $918,207,211
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHC8 BQYLTK3 3.375 % 05/15/2033 $956,267,000 2.05 % $913,160,272
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHT1 BRF54G2 3.875 % 08/15/2033 $916,795,000 2.04 % $905,084,374
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CGM7 BQXLPX9 3.500 % 02/15/2033 $925,397,100 2.01 % $894,092,647
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CFV8 BQXS7B2 4.125 % 11/15/2032 $831,161,300 1.89 % $839,213,175
Name

of issuer

Title of issuer Coupon/Yield Category of investment Cusip/Other id Effective maturity date Final maturity date Principal amount Amortized cost
4.625 % 91282CMM0
4.250 % 91282CLW9
4.375 % 91282CKQ3
4.000 % 91282CJZ5
4.500 % 91282CJJ1
3.875 % 91282CLF6
3.375 % 91282CHC8
3.875 % 91282CHT1
3.500 % 91282CGM7
4.125 % 91282CFV8
Ticker Description Shares
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
Ticker Holdings CUSIP SEDOL Coupon Rate Maturity Date Face Amount % of fund Market value
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CMM0 BRXZ4W0 4.625 % 02/15/2035 $1,098,436,500 2.56 % $1,139,456,238
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLW9 BRK14Z4 4.250 % 11/15/2034 $1,013,434,100 2.30 % $1,021,193,205
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CKQ3 BQSB5K1 4.375 % 05/15/2034 $998,502,700 2.29 % $1,017,614,661
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJZ5 BS2G1B9 4.000 % 02/15/2034 $1,004,848,000 2.24 % $997,233,131
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJJ1 BRBS4K9 4.500 % 11/15/2033 $948,950,700 2.20 % $978,123,523
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLF6 BR2NN62 3.875 % 08/15/2034 $937,245,000 2.07 % $918,207,211
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHC8 BQYLTK3 3.375 % 05/15/2033 $956,267,000 2.05 % $913,160,272
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHT1 BRF54G2 3.875 % 08/15/2033 $916,795,000 2.04 % $905,084,374
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CGM7 BQXLPX9 3.500 % 02/15/2033 $925,397,100 2.01 % $894,092,647
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CFV8 BQXS7B2 4.125 % 11/15/2032 $831,161,300 1.89 % $839,213,175
Name

of issuer

Title of issuer Coupon/Yield Category of investment Cusip/Other id Effective maturity date Final maturity date Principal amount Amortized cost
4.625 % 91282CMM0
4.250 % 91282CLW9
4.375 % 91282CKQ3
4.000 % 91282CJZ5
4.500 % 91282CJJ1
3.875 % 91282CLF6
3.375 % 91282CHC8
3.875 % 91282CHT1
3.500 % 91282CGM7
4.125 % 91282CFV8
Ticker Description Shares
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
Ticker Holdings CUSIP SEDOL Coupon Rate Maturity Date Face Amount % of fund Market value
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CMM0 BRXZ4W0 4.625 % 02/15/2035 $1,098,436,500 2.56 % $1,139,456,238
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLW9 BRK14Z4 4.250 % 11/15/2034 $1,013,434,100 2.30 % $1,021,193,205
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CKQ3 BQSB5K1 4.375 % 05/15/2034 $998,502,700 2.29 % $1,017,614,661
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJZ5 BS2G1B9 4.000 % 02/15/2034 $1,004,848,000 2.24 % $997,233,131
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJJ1 BRBS4K9 4.500 % 11/15/2033 $948,950,700 2.20 % $978,123,523
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLF6 BR2NN62 3.875 % 08/15/2034 $937,245,000 2.07 % $918,207,211
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHC8 BQYLTK3 3.375 % 05/15/2033 $956,267,000 2.05 % $913,160,272
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHT1 BRF54G2 3.875 % 08/15/2033 $916,795,000 2.04 % $905,084,374
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CGM7 BQXLPX9 3.500 % 02/15/2033 $925,397,100 2.01 % $894,092,647
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CFV8 BQXS7B2 4.125 % 11/15/2032 $831,161,300 1.89 % $839,213,175
Name

of issuer

Title of issuer Coupon/Yield Category of investment Cusip/Other id Effective maturity date Final maturity date Principal amount Amortized cost
4.625 % 91282CMM0
4.250 % 91282CLW9
4.375 % 91282CKQ3
4.000 % 91282CJZ5
4.500 % 91282CJJ1
3.875 % 91282CLF6
3.375 % 91282CHC8
3.875 % 91282CHT1
3.500 % 91282CGM7
4.125 % 91282CFV8
Ticker Description Shares
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
Ticker Holdings CUSIP SEDOL Coupon Rate Maturity Date Face Amount % of fund Market value
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CMM0 BRXZ4W0 4.625 % 02/15/2035 $1,098,436,500 2.56 % $1,139,456,238
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLW9 BRK14Z4 4.250 % 11/15/2034 $1,013,434,100 2.30 % $1,021,193,205
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CKQ3 BQSB5K1 4.375 % 05/15/2034 $998,502,700 2.29 % $1,017,614,661
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJZ5 BS2G1B9 4.000 % 02/15/2034 $1,004,848,000 2.24 % $997,233,131
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CJJ1 BRBS4K9 4.500 % 11/15/2033 $948,950,700 2.20 % $978,123,523
United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CLF6 BR2NN62 3.875 % 08/15/2034 $937,245,000 2.07 % $918,207,211
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHC8 BQYLTK3 3.375 % 05/15/2033 $956,267,000 2.05 % $913,160,272
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CHT1 BRF54G2 3.875 % 08/15/2033 $916,795,000 2.04 % $905,084,374
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CGM7 BQXLPX9 3.500 % 02/15/2033 $925,397,100 2.01 % $894,092,647
TNOTE United States Treasury Note/Bond 91282CFV8 BQXS7B2 4.125 % 11/15/2032 $831,161,300 1.89 % $839,213,175
Name

of issuer

Title of issuer Coupon/Yield Category of investment Cusip/Other id Effective maturity date Final maturity date Principal amount Amortized cost
4.625 % 91282CMM0
4.250 % 91282CLW9
4.375 % 91282CKQ3
4.000 % 91282CJZ5
4.500 % 91282CJJ1
3.875 % 91282CLF6
3.375 % 91282CHC8
3.875 % 91282CHT1
3.500 % 91282CGM7
4.125 % 91282CFV8
Ticker Description Shares
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE
TNOTE

Distributions

Realized/Unrealized gains

as of 04/30/2025

Realized gain

-$5.76

% of NAV

decreased-7.47%

Unrealized gains of NAV

-$1.52

% of NAV

decreased-1.97%

Fiscal year end

12/31/2025

Distribution schedule

Monthly

How your fund can affect your taxes

A fund's capital gains and losses can reveal the tax implications of holding a particular fund in a taxable account. This is true of both realized and unrealized capital gains and losses.

These tax implications don't apply to investors holding a fund in a tax-deferred account, such as an IRA or employer-sponsored retirement plan.

Learn about realized and unrealized gains and losses

How your fund can affect your taxes

A fund's capital gains and losses can reveal the tax implications of holding a particular fund in a taxable account. This is true of both realized and unrealized capital gains and losses.

These tax implications don't apply to investors holding a fund in a tax-deferred account, such as an IRA or employer-sponsored retirement plan.

Learn about realized and unrealized gains and losses
Dividend income and capital gains
Type$/Share Payable date Record date Ex-dividend date Distribution yield
Dividend$0.26570106/04/202506/02/202506/02/2025
Dividend$0.25291805/05/202505/01/202505/01/20254.04%
Dividend$0.26064504/03/202504/01/202504/01/20254.31%
Dividend$0.23284803/05/202503/03/202503/03/20254.02%
Dividend$0.25310302/05/202502/03/202502/03/20253.02%
Dividend$0.25326112/27/202412/24/202412/24/20244.67%
Dividend$0.24116812/04/202412/02/202412/02/20244.67%
Dividend$0.24656311/05/202411/01/202411/01/20243.80%
Dividend$0.23580110/03/202410/01/202410/01/20243.93%
Dividend$0.24291509/05/202409/03/202409/03/20243.48%

Fund management

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond ETF seeks to track the investment performance of the Bloomberg U.S. 5–10 Year Government/Credit Float Adjusted Index, an unmanaged benchmark representing the intermediate-term, investment-grade U.S. bond market. The fund provides moderate current income by investing in intermediate-maturity U.S. Treasury, agency, and investment-grade corporate securities. The fund’s passive investment style uses a sampling technique to closely match key benchmark characteristics: sector weight, coupon, maturity, effective duration, convexity, and credit quality. Optimized sampling is designed to avoid the expense and impracticality of fully replicating the index.

Vanguard Fixed Income Group
Launched in 1975, The Vanguard Group, Malvern, Pennsylvania, is among the world’s largest equity and fixed income managers. As chief investment officer, Gregory Davis, CFA, oversees Vanguard’s Equity Index, Investment Strategy, Quantitative Equity, and Fixed Income Groups. Sara Devereux, principal and global head of Fixed Income Group, has direct oversight responsibility for all money market, bond, and stable value portfolios managed by the Fixed Income Group. The Fixed Income Group offers actively managed investments in U.S. Treasury, corporate, and tax-exempt securities, as well as passively managed index portfolios. Since 1981, it has refined techniques in total-return management, credit research, and index sampling to seek to deliver consistent performance with transparency and risk control. The group has advised Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond ETF since 2007.

Investment Manager Biography

Joshua C. Barrickman
CFA, Principal, Co-Head of Fixed Income Indexing Americas Portfolio manager.
Advised the fund since 2008. Worked in investment management since 1999. B.S., Ohio Northern University. M.B.A., Lehigh University.

Performance & fees

1
Effective July 15, 2024, the market price returns are calculated using the official closing price as reported by the ETF’s primary exchange. Prior to July 15, 2024, the market price returns were calculated using the midpoint between the bid and ask prices as of the closing time of the New York Stock Exchange (typically 4 p.m., Eastern time). The returns shown do not represent the returns you would receive if you traded shares at other times.
2
Bloomberg U.S. 5–10 Year Government/Credit Bond Index through December 31, 2009; Bloomberg U.S. 5–10 Year Government/Credit Float Adjusted Index thereafter.
3

Most recent data available. © 2023 Morningstar, Inc. All rights reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; (3) does not constitute investment advice offered by Morningstar; and (4) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

4

R-squared and beta are calculated from trailing 36-month fund returns relative to the associated benchmark.

Portfolio composition

5

Credit-quality ratings are measured on a scale that generally ranges from AAA (highest) to D (lowest). "NR" is used to classify securities for which a rating is not available. NR securities may include a fund's investment in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, each of which invests in high-quality money market instruments and may serve as a cash management vehicle for the Vanguard funds, trusts, and accounts. U.S. Treasury, U.S. Agency, and U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities appear under "U.S. Government." Credit-quality ratings for each issue are obtained from Bloomberg using ratings derived from Moody's Investors Service (Moody's), Fitch Ratings (Fitch), and Standard & Poor's (S&P). When ratings from all three agencies are available, the median rating is used. When ratings are available from two of the agencies, the lower rating is used. When one rating is available, that rating is used.

© 2023 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Vanguard ETFs as a share class: Vanguard ETFs® (exchange-traded funds) are a class of shares listed for trading on an exchange. The shares are available only through a broker, including Vanguard Brokerage Services®.

Vanguard ETF® Shares are not redeemable with the issuing fund other than in very large aggregations worth millions of dollars. Instead, investors must buy and sell Vanguard ETF Shares in the secondary market and hold those shares in a brokerage account. In doing so, the investor may incur brokerage commissions and may pay more than net asset value when buying and receive less than net asset value when selling.

Total returns: Short-term total return information is provided only as a service. Historical performance—particularly short-term performance—is no guarantee of future returns. Price, yield, and return on an actual investment will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or loss when you sell. Average annual returns include changes in price and reinvestments of dividends and capital gains. Since-inception returns for less than 1 year and year-to-date returns aren't annualized. Index performance is provided as a benchmark but isn't illustrative of any particular investment. You can't invest in an index.

Standardized returns: To see quarterly fee-adjusted returns, refer to the Price & Performance details.

Expense ratios: Expense ratios are displayed on Overview. For investments that are less than 1 fiscal year old, expense ratios are estimated.

Risk: All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Funds that concentrate on a relatively narrow market sector face the risk of higher share-price volatility. Investments in stocks or bonds issued by non-U.S. companies are subject to risks including country/regional risk and currency risk.

Vanguard average ETF expense ratio: 0.05%. Industry average ETF expense ratio: 0.22%. All averages are asset-weighted. Industry average excludes Vanguard. Sources: Vanguard and Morningstar, Inc., as of December 31, 2023.

An investment in the fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall bond market. Although Intermediate-Term Bond ETF is listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Trading of Intermediate-Term Bond ETF on the NYSE Arca may be halted if NYSE Arca officials deem such action appropriate, if Intermediate-Term Bond ETF is delisted from the NYSE Arca, or if the activation of marketwide “circuit breakers” halts stock trading generally. The fund’s performance could be hurt by:

  • Interest rate risk: The chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be moderate for the fund because it invests primarily in intermediate-term bonds, whose prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of long-term bonds.
  • Income risk: The chance that the fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates.
  • Credit risk: The chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. Credit risk should be low for the fund because it purchases only bonds that are of investment-grade quality.
  • Index sampling risk: The chance that the securities selected for the fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the index. Index sampling risk for the fund should be low.
  • Index-related risks: The fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the fund's use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the fund's performance. Because the fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the fund's performance may be lower than it would be if the fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the fund's performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the fund and, as a result, the fund's shareholders.