What's a Roth IRA?
It’s a retirement account funded with post-tax dollars, offering tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Withdrawals are generally tax and penalty free if you meet these requirements:
- You’ve owned the account for 5 years.1
- You're age 59½ or older.2
Benefits of a Roth IRA
Figure out your max contribution
Roth IRA contributions may vary by how much you earn. Your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) must be less than the annual limit set by the IRS. If your income is too high you can consider a backdoor Roth IRA.
Roth IRA investment options
Two ways to save for one goal.
Frequently asked questions
The 5-year holding period for Roth IRAs starts on the earlier of: (1) the date you first contributed directly to the IRA, (2) the date you rolled over a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b) to the Roth IRA, or (3) the date you converted a traditional IRA to the Roth IRA. If you're under age 59½ and you have one Roth IRA that holds proceeds from multiple conversions, you're required to keep track of the 5-year holding period for each conversion separately.
When taking withdrawals from an IRA before age 59½, you may have to pay ordinary income tax plus a 10% federal penalty tax.
If you inherit a Roth IRA, you must take RMDs, but they're tax-free as long as the original account owner held the account for at least 5 years.
You may wish to consult a tax advisor about your situation.
All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest.
Be aware that fluctuations in the financial markets and other factors may cause declines in the value of your account.
Vanguard's advice services are provided by Vanguard Advisers, Inc. ("VAI"), a registered investment advisor, or by Vanguard National Trust Company ("VNTC"), a federally chartered, limited-purpose trust company.
The services provided to clients will vary based upon the service selected, including management, fees, eligibility, and access to an advisor. Find VAI's Form CRS and each program's advisory brochure here for an overview.
VAI and VNTC are subsidiaries of The Vanguard Group, Inc., and affiliates of Vanguard Marketing Corporation. Neither VAI, VNTC, nor its affiliates guarantee profits or protection from losses.