Roth IRA

Maximize your retirement savings with a Roth individual retirement account (IRA).

What's a Roth IRA?

Benefits of a Roth IRA

Flexible withdrawals

Unlike traditional IRAs, you can withdraw your original contributions anytime without taxes or penalties. And there are no required minimum distributions (RMDs).

No age limit

As long as you have qualifying earned income, you can contribute to a Roth IRA, no matter your age.

No employer-plan restrictions

You can still contribute to a Roth IRA even if you're covered by an employer's retirement plan, like a traditional or Roth 401(k) or 403(b).

No taxes for your beneficiaries

You can pass your Roth IRA on to your beneficiaries, and their withdrawals will be tax-free.3

Roth IRA investment options

Two ways to save for one goal.

Do it yourself

Build your retirement portfolio with our world class, low-cost mutual funds and ETFs.

Do it yourself

Build your retirement portfolio with our world class, low-cost mutual funds and ETFs.

Explore Vanguard funds

Explore professional advice

Plan your retirement with judgement-free advice from a company that’s built to prioritize your needs.

Explore professional advice

Plan your retirement with judgement-free advice from a company that’s built to prioritize your needs.

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Start saving for retirement

Need more information? Learn how to open a Vanguard account

Frequently asked questions

The 5-year holding period for Roth IRAs starts on the earlier of: (1) the date you first contributed directly to the IRA, (2) the date you rolled over a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b) to the Roth IRA, or (3) the date you converted a traditional IRA to the Roth IRA. If you're under age 59½ and you have one Roth IRA that holds proceeds from multiple conversions, you're required to keep track of the 5-year holding period for each conversion separately.

When taking withdrawals from an IRA before age 59½, you may have to pay ordinary income tax plus a 10% federal penalty tax.

If you inherit a Roth IRA, you must take RMDs, but they're tax-free as long as the original account owner held the account for at least 5 years.

You may wish to consult a tax advisor about your situation.

All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest.

Be aware that fluctuations in the financial markets and other factors may cause declines in the value of your account.

Vanguard's advice services are provided by Vanguard Advisers, Inc. ("VAI"), a registered investment advisor, or by Vanguard National Trust Company ("VNTC"), a federally chartered, limited-purpose trust company.

The services provided to clients will vary based upon the service selected, including management, fees, eligibility, and access to an advisor. Find VAI's Form CRS and each program's advisory brochure here for an overview.

VAI and VNTC are subsidiaries of The Vanguard Group, Inc., and affiliates of Vanguard Marketing Corporation. Neither VAI, VNTC, nor its affiliates guarantee profits or protection from losses.