Special Notice to Non-U.S. Investors

Each of the investment products and services referred to on this website is intended to be made available to U.S. residents. This website shall not be considered a solicitation or offering for any investment product or service to any person in any jurisdiction where such solicitation or offer would be unlawful. Persons residing outside the United States are invited to visit Vanguard's website for Non-U.S. Investors for more information about products and services available to them. Investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment.